Main parts of TRANSFORMER

Main parts of power transformer

i. Transformer core
ii. Windings
iii. Tank
iv. Conservator
v. Bushing
 

TRANSFORMER CORE:Closed-core transformers are constructed in 'core form' or 'shell form'. When windings surround the core, the transformer is core form; when windings are surrounded by the  core, the transformer is shell form. Shell form design may be more prevalent than core form  design for distribution transformer applications due to the relative ease in stacking the core  around winding coils. 

Transformer Core

WINDING: The electrical conductor used for the windings depends upon the

application, but in all cases the individual turns must be electrically insulated from each other to ensure that the current travels throughout every turn. . Larger power transformers may be wound with copper rectangular strip conductors insulated by oil-impregnated paper.

TANK: - They are constructed from welded sheet steel, and larger ones from 

plain boiler plates. The lids may be of cast iron, or waterproof gasket being used at the 

joints. The fitting includes thermometer pockets, drain cock, rollers or wheels for 

moving transformer position, eye bolts for lifting, conservators and breathers, 

cooling tubes are welded in, but separate radiators are welded and afterwards bolted. 

On the outside is applied with anti-corrosive primer paint and final of synthetic enamel.

CONSERVATOR: This is a cylindrical tank mounted on supporting structure

on the roof the transformer main tank. The main function of conservator tank of

transformer is to provide adequate space for expansion of oil inside the transformer.

 When transformer is loaded and when ambient temperature rises, the volume of oil inside transformer increases. A conservator tank of transformer provides adequate space to this  

expanded transformer oil. This is a cylindrical shaped oil container closed from both ends. One large inspection cover is provided on either side of the container to facilitate maintenance and  cleaning inside of the conservator.

Conservator

BUSHING: Larger transformers are provided with high-voltage insulated bushings made of polymers or porcelain. A large bushing can be a complex structure  since it must provide careful control of the electric field gradient without letting the transformer  leak oil.